Engineering Materials Science Milton Ohring Book
This book is dedicated to the women in my life; Ahrona,
Feigel, Rochelle, and Yaffa, and to the memory of my mother,
Mollie.
Human existence depends on compassion and knowledge.
Knowledge without compassion is inhuman; compassion without
knowledge is ineffective.
Victor F. Weisskopf
CONTENTS
PREFACE xiii
ACKNOWLEOGMENTS xvii
INTRODUCTION TO MATERIALS SCIENCE
AND ENGINEERING
1.1. Materials R dur'ce s and Their Implications 1
1.2. Materials and Engmeering 10
1.3. Engineering Materials and Selected Applications 15
1.4. Conclusion 24
Additional Reading 25
Questions and Problems 26
ELECTRONS IN ATOMS AND SOLIDS: BONDING
2.1. Introduction 29
2.2. Atomic Electrons in Single Atoms 31
Fingerprinting Atoms 37
Electrons in Molecules and Solids 43
Bonding in Solids 57
Perspective and Conclusion 65
Additional Reading 67
Questions and Problems 67
STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS
3.1. Introduction to Crystal Strumre 71
3.2. Common Crystal Structures 74
3.3. Atom Positions, Directions, and Planes in Crystal
Structures 87
3.4. Experimental Evidena for Crystal Strumre 93
3.5. Defects in Crystalline Solids 103
3.6. Structural Morphologies and How They Are Revealed 113
3.7. Perspective and Conclusion 126
Additional Reading 130
Questions and Problems 130
POLYMERS, GLASSES, CERAMICS, AND
NONMETALLIC MIXTURES
4.1. Introduction 135
4.2. Introduction to Polymers 137
4.3. Polymer Chemistry and Structure
4.4. Polymer Morphology 153
4.5. Inorganic Glasses 160
4.6. Ceramics: An Introduction 167
4.7. Structure of Ceramics 173
4.8. Cement and Concrete 179
4.9. Perspective and Conclusion 184
139
Additional Reading 186
Questions and Problems 186
THERMODYNAMICS OF SOLIDS
5.1. Introduction 189
5.2. Chemical Reactions 193
5.3. Single-Component Systems 198
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13.7. Miscellaneous Optical Properties and Effects 703
13.8. Perspective and Conclusion 705
Additional Reading 706
Questions and Problems 707
14.1. Introduction 711
14.2. Macroscopic Interaction between Magnetic Fields and
Materials 713
~ 14.3. Atomic Basis of Magnetism 717
14.4. The Magnetization Process: Magnetic Domains 724
14.5. Ferromagnetic Materials and Applications 731
14.6. Perspective and Conclusion 742
' Additional Reading 743
Questions and Problems 743
15.1, Introduction 747
15.2. Reliability in Electronics: Past, Present, and Future
748
15.3. Mathematies of Failure and Reliability 752
15.4. Failure Mechanisms 763
15.5. Specific Examples of Failure Mechanisms 772
15.6. Perspective and Conclusion 783
Additional Reading 784
Questions and Problems 784
APPENDIX A: PROPERTIES Of SELECTED EUHENTS (AT 2WC) 789
APPENDIX B: VALUES OF SEECTED PHYSICAL CONSTANTS 791
APPENDIX C: CONVERSION FACTORS 793
ANSWERS TO SELEtrED PROBLEMS 795
INMX 801
OaCUMENTATlON FOR COMPUTER MOOULES 829
