Digital Principles And Logic Design A.
SAHA N. MANNA
CONTENTS
Preface (xiii)
1. DATA AND NUMBER SYSTEMS 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Number Systems 2
1.3 Conversion between Number Systems 2
1.4 Complements 10
1.5 Binary Arithmetic 13
1.6 1's And 2's Complement Arithmetic 17
1.7 Signed Binary Numbers 19
1.8 7's And 8's Complement Arithmetic 21
1.9 9's And 10's Complement Arithmetic 23
1.10 15's And 16's Complement Arithmetic 25
1.11 BCD Addition 27
1.12 BCD Subtraction 28
Review Questions 30
2. CODES AND THEIR CONVERSIONS 31
2.1 Introduction 31
2.2 Codes 31
2.3 Solved Problems 44
Review Questions 49
3. BOOLEAN ALGEBRA AND LOGIC GATES 51
3.1 Introduction 51
3.2 Basic Defi nitions 51
3.3 Defi nition of Boolean Algebra 52
3.4 Two-valued Boolean Algebra 54
3.5 Basic Properties And Theorems of Boolean Algebra 55
3.6 Venn Diagram 57
3.7 Boolean Functions 58
3.8 Simplifi cation of Boolean Expressions 59
3.9 Canonical And Standard Forms 60
3.10 Other Logic Operators 67
3.11 Digital Logic Gates 67
3.12 Positive And Negative Logic 83
3.13 Concluding Remarks 84
Review Questions 85
4. SIMPLIFICATION AND MINIMIZATION OF BOOLEAN FUNCTIONS 89
4.1 Introduction 89
4.2 Two-variable Karnaugh Maps 89
4.3 Three-variable Karnaugh Maps 90
4.4 Four-variable Karnaugh Maps 93
4.5 Five-variable Karnaugh Maps 99
4.6 Six-variable Karnaugh Maps 100
4.7 Don't-care Combinations 102
4.8 The Tabulation Method 103
4.9 More Examples 106
4.10 Variable-entered Karnaugh Maps 113
4.11 Concluding Remarks 123
Review Questions 123
5. COMBINATIONAL LOGIC CIRCUITS 125
5.1 Introduction 125
5.2 Design Procedure 126
5.3 Adders 126
5.4 Subtractors 129
5.5 Code Conversion 132
5.6 Parity Generator And Checker 141
5.7 Some Examples of Combinational Logic Circuits 143
5.8 Combinational Logic with MSI And LSI 156
5.9 Four-bit Binary Parallel Adder 157
5.10 Magnitude Comparator 167
5.11 Decoders 168
5.12 Encoders 174
5.13 Multiplexers or Data Selectors 175
5.14 Demultiplexers or Data Distributors 188
5.15 Concluding Remarks 190
Review Questions 190
6. PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC DEVICES 193
6.1 Introduction 193
6.2 PLD Notation 195
6.3 Read Only Memory (ROM) 195
6.4 Programmable Logic Array (PLA) 202
6.5 Programmable Array Logic (PAL) Devices 208
6.6 Registered PAL Devices 210
6.7 Confi gurable PAL Devices 211
6.8 Generic Array Logic Devices 211
6.9 Field-Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) 211
6.10 Concluding Remarks 212
Review Questions 212
7. SEQUENTIAL LOGIC CIRCUITS 215
7.1 Introduction 215
7.2 Flip-fl ops 216
7.3 Types of Flip-fl ops 218
7.4 Clocked S-R Flip-fl op 221
7.5 Clocked D Flip-fl op 225
7.6 J-K Flip-fl op 228
7.7 T Flip-fl op 233
7.8 Toggling Mode of S-R and D Flip-fl ops 235
7.9 Triggering of Flip-fl ops 235
7.10 Excitation Table of a Flip-fl op 237
7.11 Interconversion of Flip-fl ops 237
7.12 Sequential Circuit Model 248
7.13 Classifi cation of Sequential Circuits 248
7.14 Analysis of Sequential Circuits 250
7.15 Design Procedure of Sequential Circuits 254
Review Questions 260
8. REGISTERS 263
8.1 Introduction 263
8.2 Shift Register 263
8.3 Serial-in–Serial-out Shift Register 264
8.4 Serial-in–Parallel-out Register 269
8.5 Parallel-in–Serial-out Register 270
8.6 Parallel-in–Parallel-out Register 272
8.7 Universal Register 274
8.8 Shift Register Counters 276
8.9 Sequence Generator 279
8.10 Serial Addition 283
8.11 Binary Divider 284
Review Questions 289
9. COUNTERS 291
9.1 Introduction 291
9.2 Asynchronous (Serial or Ripple) Counters 292
9.3 Asynchronous Counter ICs 302
9.4 Synchronous (Parallel) Counters 309
9.5 Synchronous Down-Counter 311
9.6 Synchronous Up-Down Counter 312
9.7 Design Procedure of Synchronous Counter 313
9.8 Synchronous/Asynchronous Counter 325
9.9 Presettable Counter 326
9.10 Synchronous Counter ICs 327
9.11 Counter Applications 335
9.12 Hazards in Digital Circuits 338
Review Questions 344
10. A/D AND D/A CONVERSION 345
10.1 Introduction 345
10.2 Digital-to-Analog Converters (DAC) 345
10.3 Specifi cation of D/A Converters 355
10.4 An Example of a D/A Converter 357
10.5 Analog-to-Digital Converters 360
10.6 Specifi cation of an A/D Converter 371
10.7 An Example of an A/D Converter IC 372
10.8 Concluding Remarks 374
Review Questions 374
11. LOGIC FAMILY 377
11.1 Introduction 377
11.2 Characteristics of Digital IC 379
11.3 Bipolar Transistor Characteristics 382
11.4 Resistor-Transistor Logic (RTL) 385
11.5 Diode Transistor Logic (DTL) 387
11.6 Transistor Transistor Logic (TTL) 389
11.7 Emitter-Coupled Logic (ECL) 407
11.8 Integrated-Injection Logic (I2L) 410
11.9 Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) 412
11.10 Comparison of Different Logic Families 420
11.11 Interfacing 421
11.12 Some Examples 424
Review Questions 427
Appendix 1: Alternate Gate Symbols 431
Appendix 2: 74 Series Integrated Circuits 433
Appendix 3: Pin Confi guration of 74 Series Integrated
Circuits 439
Appendix 4: 4000 Series Integrated Circuits 459
Appendix 5: Pin Confi guration of 4000 Series Integrated
Circuits 465
Appendix 6: About the CD-ROM 481
Glossary 483
Bibliography 487
Index 489
