Engineering Materials 1 An lntroduction to their
Properties and Applications
Engineering Materials 1
An Introduction to their Properties and Applications
Second Edition By Michael F. Ashby And David R. H. Jones
Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, UK
OXFORD AMSTERDAM
General introduction
1. Engineering Materials and their Properties
examples of structures and devices showing how we select the
right
material for the job
3
A. Price and availability
2. The Price and Availability of Materials 15
what governs the prices of engineering materials, how long
will supplies
last, and how can we make the most of the resources that we
have?
B. The elastic moduli
3. The Elastic Moduli 27
stress and strain; Hooke’s Law; measuring Young’s modulus;
data for
design
4. Bonding Between Atoms 36
the types of bonds that hold materials together; why some
bonds are
stiff and others floppy
5. Packing of Atoms in Solids 45
how atoms are packed in crystals - crystal structures, plane
(Miller)
indices, direction indices; how atoms are packed in
polymers, ceramics
and glasses
6. The Physical Basis of Young’s Modulus 58
how the modulus is governed by bond stiffness and atomic
packing; the
glass transition temperature in rubbers; designing stiff
materials -
man-made composites
7. Case Studies of Modulus-limited Design 66
the mirror for a big telescope; a stiff beam of minimum
weight; a stiff
beam of minimum costC. Yield strength, tensile strength,
hardness and ductility
8. The Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, Hardness and
Ductility
definitions, stress-strain curves (true and nominal),
testing methods,
data
9. Dislocations and Yielding in Crystals
the ideal strength; dislocations (screw and edge) and how
they move to
give plastic flow
10. Strengthening Methods and Plasticity of Polycrystals
solid solution hardening; precipitate and dispersion
strengthening;
work-hardening; yield in polycrystals
11. Continuum Aspects of Plastic Flow
the shear yield strength; plastic instability; the
formability of metals and
polymers
12. Case Studies in Yield-limited Design
materials for springs; a pressure vessel of minimum weight;
a pressure
vessel of minimum cost; how metals are rolled into sheet
D. Fast fracture, toughness and fatigue
where the energy comes from for catastrophic crack growth;
the
condition for fast fracture; data for toughness and fracture
toughness
13. Fast Fracture and Toughness
14. Micromechanisms of Fast Fracture
ductile tearing, cleavage; composites, alloys - and why
structures are
more likely to fail in the winter
15. Fatigue Failure
fatigue testing, Basquin’s Law, Coffin-Manson Law; crack
growth rates
for pre-cracked materials; mechanisms of fatigue
16. Case Studies in Fast Fracture and Fatigue Failure
fast fracture of an ammonia tank; how to stop a pressure
vessel blowing
up; is cracked cast iron safe?
E. Creep deformation and fracture
high-temperature behaviour of materials; creep testing and
creep curves;
consequences of creep; creep damage and creep fracture
17. Creep and Creep Fracture
>>>TO<<<
18. Kinetic Theory of Diffusion 1 79
Arrhenius's Law; Fick's first law derived from statistical
mechanics of
thermally activated atoms; how diffusion takes place in
solids
19. Mechanisms of Creep, and Creep-resistant Materials 187
metals and ceramics - dislocation creep, diffusion creep;
creep in
polymers; designing creep-resistant materials
20. The Turbine Blade - A Case Study in Creep-limited Design
197
requirements of a turbine-blade material; nickel-based
super-alloys,
blade cooling; a new generation of materials? - metal-matrix
composites,
ceramics, cost effectiveness
F. Oxidation and corrosion
21. Oxidation of Materials
the driving force for oxidation; rates of oxidation,
mechanisms of
oxidation; data
22. Case Studies in Dry Oxidation
making stainless alloys; protecting turbine blades
23. Wet Corrosion of Materials
voltages as driving forces; rates of corrosion; why
selective attack is
especially dangerous
24. Case Studies in Wet Corrosion
how to protect an underground pipeline; materials for a
light-weight
factory roof; how to make motor-car exhausts last longer
G. Friction, abrasion and wear
25. Friction and Wear
surfaces in contact; how the laws of friction are explained
by the
asperity-contact model; coefficients of friction;
lubrication; the adhesive
and abrasive wear of materials
26. Case Studies in Friction and Wear
the design of a journal bearing; materials for skis and
sledge runners;
'non-skid' tyres
viii Contents
Final case study
27. Materials and Energy in Car Design
the selection and economics of materials for automobiles
Appendix 1 Examples
Appendix 2 Aids and Demonstrations
Appendix 3 Symbols and Formulae
