Principles of Embedded Networked Systems Design
Gregory J. Pottie and William J. Kaiser
Contents
Preface page xiii
Acknowledgments xv
List ofAbbreviations xvi
1 Embedded network systems 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 ENS design heuristics 3
1.3 Remote monitoring 4
1.4 RFID 7
1.5 Enacted spaces 8
1.6 Historical context 9
1.7 Further reading 10
2 Representation of signals 12
2.1 Probability 12
2.2 Stochastic processes 17
2.3 Introduction to information theory 24
2.4 Summary 30
2.5 Further reading 30
2.6 Problems 31
3 Signal propagation 36
3.1 Basic wave propagation phenomena 36
3.2 Radio signals 44
3.3 Optical signals 50
3.4 Acoustic and seismic signals 52
3.5 Biochemical signals 56
3.6 Summary 57
3.7 Further reading 57
3.8 Problems 58
4 Sensor principles 61
4.1 Sensor system ideal architecture 61
4.2 Sensor system non-ideal operation 63
4.3 Sensor system standard figures of merit 64
4.4 Environmental sensors 72
4.5 Motion and force sensors 77
4.6 Transducers for electromagnetic phenomena 88
4.7 Chemical and biochemical sensors 93
4.8 Electronic noise sources and noise reduction in sensor
systems 96
4.9 Reducing sensor system errors by feedback control
methods 100
4.10 Actuators for microsensor systems 103
4.11 Calibration 104
4.12 Summary 105
4.13 Further reading 106
4.14 Problems 107
5 Source detection and identification 109
5.1 Introduction to detection and estimation theory 109
5.2 Detection of signals in additive noise 111
5.3 Estimation of signals in additive noise 127
5.4 Hierarchical detection and identification systems 139
5.5 Summary 146
5.6 Further reading 147
5.7 Problems 148
6 Digital communications 152
6.1 Characterization of communication signals 152
6.2 Communication over the Gaussian channel 155
6.3 Synchronization 162
6.4 Communication over dispersive channels 165
6.5 Communication over dynamic channels 176
6.6 Summary 186
6.7 Further reading 187
6.8 Problems 187
7 Multiple source estimation and multiple access
communications 195
7.1 Interference models 195
7.2 Source separation 198
7.3 Basic multiple access techniques 201
7.4 Multiple access in interference 207
7.5 Heterogeneous networks 218
7.6 Summary 219
>>>>TO<<<<
12.5 Further reading 390
12.6 Problems 391
13 Node architecture 394
13.1 Introduction to computing platform architecture 395
13.2 ENS node design principles 408
13.3 Selected sensor node designs 427
13.4 Summary 435
13.5 Further reading 435
13.6 Problems 437
14 Network data integrity 439
14.1 Encryption 440
14.2 Data reliability in sensor networks 445
14.3 Compression and data compartmentalization 453
14.4 Authenticated service delivery 455
14.5 Summary 457
14.6 Further reading 457
14.7 Problems 459
15 Experimental systems design 463
15.1 Deciding on priorities 463
15.2 Design iteration 464
15.3 Simulations, tools, and testing 466
15.4 Project branching 471
15.5 Users in the design team 473
15.6 Summary 474
15.7 Further reading 474
16 Ethical, legal, and social implications of ENS 475
16.1 Technology and society 475
16.2 Regulation of information technology 480
16.3 ENS: information technology regulating the physical
world 485
16.4 Summary 492
16.5 Further reading 492
17 Design principles for ENS 494
17.1 The physical world may not be abstracted away 494
17.2 Play the probability game 495
17.3 Hierarchy is usually unavoidable 495
17.4 Innovate only as much as necessary 496
17.5 Scale matters 497
17.6 Teamwork 498
Appendix A: Gaussian Q function 499
Appendix B: Optimization 501
B.1 Basic tools of numerical analysis 501
B.2 Convex optimizations 505
B.3 Non-convex optimizations 507
B.4 Further reading 508
Index 510
