English
Grammar A University Course
CONTENTS
Foreword
xi
Preface
to the second edition xiii
Acknowledgements
xv
Introduction
xvii
Table
of notational symbols xxi
1 Basic concepts
1
Module
1 Language and meaning 3
Module
2 Linguistic forms and syntactic functions 9
Module
3 Negation and expansion 21
Exercises
28
2 The skeleton
of the message: Introduction to clause
structure 32
Module
4 Syntactic functions and structures of the
clause 34
Module
5 Subject and Predicator 42
Module
6 Direct, Indirect and Prepositional Objects 50
Module
7 Subject and Object Complements 64
Module
8 Adjuncts 69
Further
reading 76
Exercises
76
3 The
development of the message: Complementation
of the verb 81
Introduction:
Major complementation patterns and valency 83
Module
9 Intransitive and copular patterns 85
Module10
Transitive patterns 90
Module
11 Complementation by finite clauses 100
Module
12 Complementation by non-finite clauses 108
Summary
of complementation patterns 114
Further
reading 116
Exercises 116
8 Talking about
events: The Verbal Group 315
Module
37 Expressing our experience of events 317
Module
38 Basic structures of the Verbal Group 323
Module
39 Organising our experience of events 331
Module
40 The semantics of phrasal verbs 336
Further
reading 343
Exercises
343
9 Viewpoints on
events: Tense, aspect and modality 350
Module
41 Expressing location in time through the verb:
tense 352
Module
42 Past events and present time connected:
Present Perfect
and
Past Perfect 361
Module
43 Situation types and the Progressive aspect
369
Module
44 Expressing attitudes towards the event:
modality 379
Further
reading 394
Exercises
394
10 Talking about
people and things: The Nominal Group 399
Module
45 Expressing our experience of people and
things 401
Module
46 Referring to people and things as definite,
indefinite,
generic
417
Module
47 Selecting and particularising the referent:
the determiner 423
Module
48 Describing and classifying the referent: the
pre-modifier 435
Module
49 Identifying and elaborating the referent: the
post-modifier 446
Module
50 Noun complement clauses 457
Further
reading 462
Exercises
462
11 Describing
persons, things and circumstances: Adjectival
and Adverbial
groups 473
Module
51 Adjectives and the adjectival group 475
Module
52 Degrees of comparison and intensification 484
Module
53 Complementation of the adjective 494
Module
54 Adverbs and the adverbial group 502
Module
55 Syntactic functions of adverbs and adverbial
groups 508
Module
56 Modification and complementation in the
adverbial group 515
Further
reading 521
Exercises
521
12 Spatial,
temporal and other relationships: The Prepositional
Phrase 529
Module
57 Prepositions and the Prepositional Phrase 531
Module
58 Syntactic functions of the Prepositional
Phrase 540
Module 59 Semantic features of the Prepositional Phrase
546
Module 60 Stranded prepositions; discontinuous
prepositional phrases 556
Further reading 559
Exercises 559
Answer Key 564
Select Bibliography 591
Index 596
